As this sites server is located in the United Kingdom, we are governed by the copyright laws of the UK when it comes to allowing site visitors to download books and manuscripts directly from this site (links to other sites, particularly those in the USA, where you may also download books and manuscripts, this situation does not apply) Therefore in the UK, copyright in literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works expires 70 years after the death of the author. However, computer generated artistic works have a copyright protection of 50 years from creation. As with other such copyrights, if the author is not an EEA national and the country of origin is not an EEA state, then the duration statutes of the country of origin apply, provided it does not exceed UK length. It is therefore only works which fall within these conditions that we are allowed to let you download directly.

In British law, it must be noted that, the first owner of a copyright is assumed to be the author of a work. If a work is made by an author in the course of employment then the author's employer is the first owner of copyright. Unlike American copyright law, duration of copyright term does not vary regardless of who owns the copyright.

The author of a work is:
• The creator of a literary, musical, dramatic or artistic work.
• The publisher of a published edition of a work.
• The producer of a sound recording.
• The producer and principal director of a film.
• The maker of a broadcast.
• If a work is computer generated, the person who made the arrangements necessary for the creation of the work.

In Summary; for literary works:
70 years from the end of the calendar year in which the last remaining author of the work dies or if published prior to the 1988 Act copyright will be 50 years from date of publication.
If the author is unknown, copyright will last for 70 years from end of the calendar year in which the work was created, although if it is made available to the public during that time, (by publication, authorised performance, broadcast, exhibition, etc.), then the duration will be 70 years from the end of the year that the work was first made available.

Acts that are allowed
Fair dealing is a term used to describe acts which are permitted to a certain degree without infringing the work, these acts are:
• Private and research study purposes.
• Performance, copies or lending for educational purposes.
• Copies and lending by librarians.
• Playing sound recording for a non profit making organization, club or society.
In summary, documentation which is made available, by direct supply, to visitors from this site conforms to these UK Copyright regulations. Documentation which is not held on our servers and accessible via a link to another site, it is the responsibility of that site where the document is downloaded from, and therefore the copyright laws of that country, which may not be the UK, are not of our concern. Before you download any manuscripts, excluding our published works, please check the ruling in your country of residence copyright regulations.

However, if it is discovered that any of those links lead to documentation which still holds copyright restriction in the country where the server is located, we will naturally remove the direct link. If you are the legal authour or owner of the copyright please inform us and we will remove the link.

Before you access these links and download any documents, YOU, as the downloader, must ensure that you are complying with the Copyright Laws of your particular country.

For students documentation available through the Orders library and therefore is presented for private research, educational proposes and study and therefore the UK fair dealing conditions are applied.

Articles or text which have been researched or compiled entirely from open non-copyrighted material or composed by ArchAns own authors is indicated with the following copyright notice:

This means that we lay claim totally to the material indicated. You may use the material but only with our express permission.

The Managing Director
ArchAn Publishing